steam turbine at the start, stop and during operation, the size of differential expansion is associate with the following factors:

⑴ When starting the unit, the cylinders and flanges use improper means to vote, too large or too small steam heating.

⑵ warm-up process, the rate rise too fast or too short warm-up time.

⑶when normal shutdown or sliding - parameter shutdown, steam temperature drops too fast.

⑷ the load increase too fast.

⑸ afterload rejection, empty load or low-load operation for too long.

⑹ turbine water impact occurs.

⑺ during normal operation, the steam parameters change too fast